Friday, October 30, 2015

Organizing Your Analysis Essay

BY MONDAY: Clear, complete outline of your essay typed out in the shared document you created.
OUTLINE:
  • Intro
  • Paragraph Topic
  • Full Sentence
  • Identify 3-4 quotes you will use
How to organize your analysis essay:Chronological
  • Present details in the order that they happened
  • EX: 
  • 1st paragraph - scene 1
  • 2nd paragraph - scene 2
  • 3rd paragraph - scene 3
  • 4th paragraph - scene 4
  • Ending paragraph - end of play
Literary Element
  • Make literary elements the topics of your paragraphs
Compare and Contrast
  • One idea and then an opposing idea






      Thursday, October 29, 2015

      Antigone Essay: Intro Paragraph


      Hook: Raise a broad issue of general relevance.
      Writers frequently use quotes, questions, or relevant events to raise the issue. However, it is important to make the context and relevance of the elements clear. If you are having trouble incorporating a quote or event, try simply raising the issue in your own words.
      Good Ex.
      The great poet, Tennyson, noted, "bacon and eggs are both key to a full life, but one must decide which is eaten first."
      Bad Ex.
      "Bacon and eggs are both key to a full life, but one must decide which is eaten first." --Tennyson
      Transition: Narrow the focus from the broad issue that everyone faces to the specific instance in this essay.
      Try to make a smooth transition from one topic to the next (use a transition word or phrase at some point in the sentence) and avoid directly referring to the structure of your essay.
      Good Ex.
      In his play, Antigone, Sophocles discusses the significance of this moral challenge.
      Bad Ex.
      This paper is going to discuss how Sophocles felt about the problem Tennyson talked about.
      Thesis: your identification of the theme.
      The thesis is never merely the identification of a topic. consequently, it is never one word. It needs to clearly identify Sophocles' attitude or belief about the topic.
      Good Ex.
      Sophocles uses the play, Antigone to express his belief that eggs should be upheld at all times, even at the cost of bacon.
      Bad Ex.
      Sophocles presents the theme of bacon versus eggs in his play Antigone
      Road map: Provide the audience with a general understanding of the supporting arguments you will present to validate your thesis.
      Though you should try to clearly articulate the broad supporting contentions you plan to discuss, try to limit this discussion to one or two sentences.
      Try to avoid passive voice or direct reference to the structure of your paper.
      Avoid specific reference to concrete details and evidence -- save this support for the body paragraphs of your paper.
      Good Ex.
      The author uses elements of a traditional greek tragedy to support and clarify his position. He uses the traditional greek concepts of ate, hubris an hamartia to establish a tragic hero whose rash decisions will bring his downfall, and then develops tragic plot elements to show the inexorable fate that awaits any man foolish enough to prioritize bacon over eggs.
      Bad Ex.
      There are three reasons he says this: characterization, irony, and plot.












      Wednesday, October 28, 2015

      Scoring Criteria for Evidence Collection and Analysis Preparation


      1. Abundant evidence provided from throughout the play for multiple literary elements
      2. Provides clear, accurate description of context and significance of all quotes
      ·         Context: What is happening in the play that calls for this comment or action
      ·         Significance: Why does it matter that this specific thing is being said or done
      3. Provides insightful discussion of how this passage establishes, develops, or presents conclusions about the theme you identified
      ·         Focus on what the quote shows about the abstract concept, not necessarily the events or conflicts in the play.

      How many? :/ Abundant. Throughout the play. 

      Monday, October 26, 2015

      Antigone Essay Step Two: Collecting Evidence

      As you develop your essay, you must be prepared to use abundant evidence from throughout the play to support your ideas. Please review all of the characters, plot developments, and literary devices from throughout the play as you develop your insights and support your thesis.

      It is extremely important that you thoroughly review the play even if you already have a fair understanding of the ideas you will address in your essay. This careful re-reading and annotation will help you develop insights that you did not have as you did your first, general reading of the play. 

      I have provided some three-column note paper to help guide your research. Look for evidence from throughout the play with regard to all characters when searching for support that appears in 

      • The Monologues
      • The Dialogues
      • The Odes
      • Elements of Tragedy
      • Dramatic, Situational, or Verbal Irony
      • Imagery, Symbolism, and Motifs


      Remember that, in the three column notes you

      1. Begin with identification of a brief passage
      2. Explain the context of the quote and the significance of the specific words, ideas,or actions at this point in the play
      3. Analyze how this development is used to raise, develop, or provide conclusions about the theme you are discussing


      Antigone Analysis Essay: Thesis Statement

      Over the weekend, we wrote a clear statement arguing that a specific theme is established in the play, Antigone. This statement (once revised) will be the basis for a literary analysis essay in which you discuss the literary devices used in the play to communicate a theme.

      As you review your thesis, make sure

      • Your discussion of theme addresses broad issues of universal / timeless significance. You should not be addressing specific events or characters at this point in your discussion
      • Make sure this discussion includes BOTH the topic (the general issue raised) and the message (what the reader is intended to learn about this topic.

      Friday, October 23, 2015

      Antigone theme: Discuss the balance between free will and fate.

      Discuss the balance between free will and fate. To what extent do people control their own destinies? Why does this matter?


      • Line 1223 - Free will vs fate ; reversal of better choices didn't effect the his fate 
      • Line  1026 - Creon fate 
      • Line  626 -  Antigone free will 
      • Line  59 - starts at free will and then into fate 
      • Line 932 - changes mind between if it fate or free will 
      • Line 1011 - deciding its fate 
      • Line  482 - accepted fate 
      • Line 232 - had the choice to choose their fate 
      • Line 124 - wanting to reverse fate 
      • Line 1132 - shows that reversal is an option to make it better 
      • Line 962 - blind free will, bad choices make them walk into unfortunate  fate 
      • Line  695 - If you disobey the gods, they are going to mess with your fate
      • Line  701 - Creon says that no one will be able to stop him
      • Line 1124 - Creon swears to the gods he will not bury a traitor
      • Line 1133 - Creon has the free will to change his ways, but he is too stubborn to do what may be right in accordance with the gods
      • Line 1166 - Creon  denies the role of the gods and fate
      • Line 499 - Antigone knows that the gods will determine your fate, no matter what you do
      • Line 433 - Antigone was fated to be found from her choice of free will
      • Line 543 - Discusses Antigone's stubborn free will, Creon denies the gods' role in his life once again
      • Fate gives you a choice of free will, but whatever decision you make will affect your fate
      • Line 1449 - Creon calls on the gods', initially denied their role in his life, but now he is calling on their fate
      • Line 826 - Haemon foreshadowing Creon's desertion, aka his fate

      Antigone Theme" What message is presented about the nature of wisdom?


      • Who commented on the nature and consequences of wisdom, and where?
      • How does it seem to be defined?
      • What do we learn about its importance?
      • Line - wisdom is the key to success
      • Line 1469 - Wisdom taught by others
      • Line 232 - Example of Creon being unwise
      • Line 194 - Knows the wisdom but does not show it in his judgement.
      • Line 1094 - Wisdom is appreciated in this society, teaching have wisdom and accept wisdom 
      • Line 1101 - did not listen 
      • Line 806 - constantly taking advice - Constant sharing of wisdom 
      • Page 77 - Close to finding greatness but blocking advice takes that away
      • Line - Subconsciously admitting he is wrong, lack of insight to see their own wrong doings 
      • Wisdom taught after tragedy happens, does anyone listen to the wisdom in the play before the tragedy.
      • Line 1218- makes choices based on pride not wisdom 
      • Line 70-74 - Ismene already wiser than other characters.. not mirrored by other characters. 
      • Line 1466 - Wisdom means the ability to learn, whether from someone else or your own experiences
      • Line 1130 - People are going to fail, but wisdom is the ability to learn from it
      • Line 775 - Creon is given advice, but he has the free will to either listen to or reject the advice
      • Line 200 - Wisdom is correlated with social status
      • Line 1230 - Creon's reversal
      • Line 86 - People's experience determines how wise they are
      • Line 846 - Creon says Haemon has empty wisdom because he has no basis for his beliefs
      • Neither Creon nor Antigone has wisdom, hence the reason they both were killed. They may be wise in their own ways, but neither were right

      Wednesday, October 21, 2015

      How to look for Evidence

      What to look for?
      How is this Established/ Introduced
      What does it show about the character and how does it raise the conflict?
      How do others respond?
      What are the consequences of these conflicts?
      what do we learn?

      Find It In?
      In the monologues
      In the dialogues
      In the odes
      In the verbal,dramatic and situation irony
      In the Imagery and symbolism
      In the characterization
      In the elements of the tradegy

      Antigone Theme:Equality in justice

      Line 756: Creon is sexist
      Line 541: Creon believes men are always victorious
      Line 530: Creon implies Antigone is a slave
      Line 644: Creon views Antigone as worthless because she doesn't obey
      Line 642: Creon relates women to fertile land :/
      Line 777: Haemon and the city feel differently towards women than Creon
      Line 81: Antigone is seeking equal justice for her brother, but is not seeking that equality for Ismene; is justice the same as equality?
      Line 605: Ismene now agrees with Antigone and the gods' and claims to have equally honored them, but Antigone won't let her take credit
      Line 832: Justice - what you do unto others will be done unto you; you get what you deserve
      Line 848: Creon is expecting loyalty to family from Haemon, but rejects Antigone's loyalty to family

      Antigone Theme:Moral obligations

      Antigone Theme:Sacrifices people make for what they believe

      Antigone Theme:Consequences of pride

      Line 107
      Line 630
      Opening line
      Line 617
      Line 930
      Line 1228
      Line 820
      Line 856
      Line 821
      Line 1174
      Line 1466-1470
      Line 1134
      Line 527
      Line 509
      Line 1220
      Line 824-825

      Antigone Theme:The nature and limitations of authority

      Antigone Theme: When the powerful exceed their authority, leadership can change

      Antigone Theme:Power blinds those who yield it

      Line Numbers:
      859 - Power has corrupted Creon
      843 - Creon's perception of Haemon's threat, self-absorbed/defensive
      1173 - Creon self-aware of his own title,
      814 - Creon refuses to take advice from his own son
      821 - Creon refuses to accept advice from anyone
      1154 - Creon questioning = treason
      1230 - Creon loses his sense of power, reversal of power
      364 - Creon misperceives the motivations of other people
      615 - Antigone isolates herself, perhaps pride? Naiive
      57 - Antigone feels like she has power because of her family



      Antigone Theme: Family loyalty vs. government loyalty

      Antigone Theme:Sacrificial aspects of human nature

      What do people give up in order to support what they feel is valuable?
      In ways are these sacrifices worthwhile? 
      Group One 
      Line 612 -Ismene for Antigone 
      Line 50 
      Line 248 -Sentry 
      Line 98-99
      Line 820-825 
      Line 1185-1190- Creon demands sacrifice for him 
      Line 707-708- " "
      Line 723- different aspects of this relationship
      Line 848- " "
      Line 86-87-presents herself as sacrifice 
      Line 108- cuts off her sister 
      Line 91-92
      Line 813
      Prologue
      Line 843 


      Antigone Theme:Heeding others advice

      Antigone Theme:Perception of morals change over time

      Antigone Theme: Loyalty to self, family, religion, state

      Line 213: Creon prefers people to be loyal to the city, desires to be wanted
      Line 218: Creon feels betrayed by Polynices not being loyal to the state, betrayal of family and state
      Line 52-56: Struggle between loyalty to state vs family
      Line 93: Ismene shows she has more love for the city than sister
      Line 573: Antigone shows more loyalty to family
      Line 57: Antigone feels she isn't defying the state directly, but Creon
      Line 587: Creon is the only one who chooses city over family
      Line 610: Antigone shows loyalty to family and gods
      Line 499: Antigone's reasoning for valuing the gods' laws, loyalty to self
      Line 500: Antigone fears the gods' punishment rather than Creon's punishment
      Line 103: Antigone would rather show loyalty to the gods and family over the state
      Line 569: Does Antigone expect respect from the citizens of Thebes? - birthright?
      Line 571: Antigone speaks her mind about her loyalty, loyal to self
      Line 655: Will citizen's loyalty be geared towards the gods or the city?





      Antigone Theme: The competing priorities of Creon and the Gods

      How do human societies resolve conflicts between religion (or morality) and the laws of the land?
      How should this conflict be addressed, and can it be resolved?

      Line 1121
      Line 1151-1155
      Line 1137
      Line 91-93
      Line 607-609
      Line 96
      Line 316-327- How can the gods disagree with me?
      Line 825
      Line 345,851
      Line 232
      Line 191
      Line 509
      Line 319
      Line

      Antigone Theme:Religious loyalties

      Antigone Theme: Moral obedience vs. obedience to state laws

      Antigone Theme:Consequences vs. benefits of pride or confidence

      Antigone Theme: Consequences and benefits of loyalty to society

      Tuesday, October 20, 2015

      Line Numbers for Pride

      Share lines numbers in the comments for the theme of pride

      Themes Raised During Discussion -- 10/20

      Period 1
      • Consequences vs. benefits of being loyal to societal rule
      • Consequences vs. benefits of pride or confidence
      • Moral obedience vs. obedience to state laws
      • Religious loyalties
      • Competing priorities
        • self, family, religion, state
      • Perception of morals change over time
      • Heeding others advice
      • Sacrificial aspects of human nature
      Period 4
      • Family loyalty vs. government loyalty
      • Power blinds those who yield it
      • When the powerful exceed their authority, leadership can change
        • The nature and limitations of authority
      • Consequences of pride
      • Sacrifices people make for what they believe
        • Moral obligations
      • Equality in justice

      Discussion: Themes Raised in Antigone

      Today you will needs your books and the charts you made when you were working on thematic development at the end of Scene 3

      We will begin with about ten minutes of small group collaboration. Make a table group of four (I will explain how) and share some of the theme ideas you generated when you were working with your elements of literature. 

      Work together as a group to make sure these themes are expressed clearly. Then, select one theme to present to the class in discussion. 

      Generally, when you discuss thematic development in a piece of literature, you need to be clear about a broad, universally relevant problem, idea, or value AND the message developed by the play about this concept.  

      HOWEVER, today, you need to focus on the relevant question or problem raised by the play. You don't need to provide the answer; we will be doing that together later.

      Example format: 
      Sophocles uses his play to discuss the conflict between....

      the question of whether...

      the competing priorities of...

      this aspect of human nature...






      Monday, October 19, 2015

      Questions for Recognition / Reversal in Antigone



      As you answer questions, note these key events / issues in your play.

      1. What crucial information does Tiresias bring to Creon when he visits the palace, and why is this significant to the conflict between Creon and Antigone?

      2. In what way does Creon change Antigone's death sentence, and how does this indicate a possible change in attitude or awareness, especially in light of his debate with Haemon
      2b. what is especially ironic about the nature of this punishment?

      3. Identify the recognition. How do the circumstances of Creon's change of heart relate meaningfully to his debate with Haemon?

      4. Identify the reversal. What about how Creon reverses his course of action a. causes it to fail and b. ironically symbolizes his conflict with Antigone?

      5. Describe the nemesis faced by Creon.

      6. What message is presented by the Chorus in the Exodus?

      Friday, October 9, 2015

      Format for your blended quotes practice / literary analysis

      Today, you will be working on your writing skills and developing your first literary analysis assignment. This will not take the form of a paragraph, but it will have most of the writing elements you will see next week when you start drafting paragraph format responses.

       Topic Sentence 

      1.) Raises specific issue to be discussed. 

      • Clear Articulation is necessary 
      • Requires specific word choice and careful use of abstract concepts.

      2.) Transition Phrase,connecting this idea to previous issue of discussion 
      3.) Make a claim. Do not merely provide information; information does not equal analysis 

      Today: 


      A. Begin with your conclusion about the theme developed in the play.

      Ex: Sophocles uses symbolism to discuss the significance of unity and loyalty in civil society.
      - Use active voice 
      - Avoid "to be" verbs or multiple prepositional phrases 

      B. Provide supporting analysis that proves the claim you provided in "A."

      To do this, 

      • First, provide  quoted evidence in a blended sentence that clarifies the context and significance of the words you select. 
      • Next, provide detailed, insightful analysis of how these specific word choices, events, actions, perspectives, connections or interactions support conclusion you have drawn. This may take one or two sentences (no more than this)
      YOU WILL NEED TO DO STEP "B" THREE TIMES. Please select the three most insightful, best supported examples from your three-column notes.


      Thursday, October 8, 2015

      Integrating Quotes into Sentences, AKA “Blended Sentences”


      In a blended sentence, the author makes the quotation a part of their own sentence without any punctuation between their own words and the words they are quoting.  The author frequently shortens quotes and retains only the most relevant phrases.

      Example:
      In "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For," Thoreau states directly his purpose for going into the woods. "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived."

      Though there isn’t anything grammatically incorrect about these sentences, the writing is wordy, lacks transitions, and includes a long quote that may distract attention from the key ideas the author seeks to emphasize.

      Transition Word:
      In "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For," Thoreau states directly his purpose for going into the woods. He says, "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived."

      Still too long – but at least there’s a transition word connecting the ideas to each other

      Blended Sentence:
      In "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For," Thoreau states that his retreat to the woods around Walden Pond was motivated by his desire "to live deliberately" and to face only "the essential facts of life."


      Blending your quotes also helps with sentence combination – a common strategy used to concisely provide an abundance of information .

      Ex. Four sentences become one sentence.
      Paine uses figurative language. “The period of debate is closed. Arms as the last resource decide the contest; the appeal was the choice of the king, and the continent hath accepted the challenge.” In this sentence, Paine claims that the king’s actions have challenged our honor and demanded a violent response, like when someone challenges someone else to a duel.

      Paine metaphorically compares the current conflict to a duel, alleging that the conflict “was the choice of the king,” and that the continent has “accepted the challenge” to its honor.

      This strategy can also be used to combine evidence selected from several different parts of a source into one sentence.

      My claim: The chorus repeatedly refers to Antigone’s atê in several different places in the text, all for essentially the same purpose.
      My quotes:
      “Like father like daughter, passionate, wild…she hasn’t learned to bend before adversity.”
      You went too far, the last limits of daring – smashing against the high throne of justice!”
      “Your own blind will, your passion has destroyed you.”
      “Still the rough winds, the wild passion raging through the girl.”
      My sentence:
      The Chorus repeatedly addresses Antigone’s atê, labeling her as a “passionate, wild,” “daring,” daughter who, like her father, is destroyed by her “blind will” (Sophocles 525, 943, 962, 1022)
      In some cases these words are directly quotes; in others, I paraphrase. However, my wording preserves the meaning of the original quotes and shows the repetition of the idea at four different parts of the play. (remember to cite all of the line numbers)

      v  Blended sentences help quotes become a natural part of your discussion, rather than an extra piece of information tacked on to the end of your claim.
      v  They just sound better. The sentence flows. There is a smooth transition between parts of grammar that reflects the logical relationship between the ideas you express.
      v  It allows you to focus on the key ideas or word choices in your quoted evidence, rather than having to write out the entire sentence.
      v  It allows you to present more ideas in a smaller space. When you express complex ideas or relationships between many pieces of information, an economy of words become extremely important.  Otherwise you get either a bunch of chopped-up, unrelated fragments of information or huge, wordy, confusing 97 word sentences.


      Today, we will practice this using our three-column notes on theme.
      A.  Combine the quoted passage and the discussion of context into a single blended sentence.
      B.   Then, write your analysis sentence, making sure to refer to specific elements of the quote or context that support your conclusions. This may require the use of a blended sentence as well.

      Example”
      Column 1: 622-626
      Ismene: Tell me dear one, what can I do to help you, even now?
      Antigone: Save yourself. I don’t grudge your survival.
      Ismene: Oh no, no, denied my portion in your death?
      Antigone: You chose to live, I chose to die.

      Column 2: At this point, Antigone and Ismene both stand accused of treason. In despair, Ismene claims she helped bury Polynices so that she can join her sister in death. Antigone, however, exposes this lie and refuses Ismene’s offer, reminding her that the choices they made in the Prologue determines their individual outcomes.


      Column 3: This quote reminds the reader of the balance between free will and fate in these tragedies. Though burdened by the curses of Laios and Oedipus, Antigone asserts the power of choice and argues that she and Ismene face outcomes determined not by the Gods but by what they “chose.” In addition, Antigone’s statement that she will not “grudge [Ismene’s] survival whows that her character can change in the face of adversity, another example of free will.

      Tuesday, October 6, 2015

      Possible Theme Topics for Antigone First Half (per.1)

      Sight / Blindness
      Leadership
      Priority: Family
      Submission to the Gods
      Power 
      The role of women
      The role of public opinion
      Destiny/Fate
      Compromise
      Fear / Courage
      Destructive nature / impulsivity / Ate / Leading yourself
      Power of the State (laws)
      Equality
      Hypocracy
      Reason vs. Justice/Morality






      Monday, October 5, 2015

      Themes Identification Group Work For 10/5

      Today we will be working together to continue our identification and articulation of the themes in Antigone.

      By now, you should have:

      1. Assigned responsibilities for the different members of your group. What themes, passages, or characteristics did each person address?
      2. Identified four or five passages that helped you identify and understand themes raised in the play
      3. Discussed the context, significance, and word choice in these passages
      4. Explained how the passages help the reader understand a theme discussed in the play.


      TODAY:

      1. Meet with your groups and make sure each person has their own quotes and ideas -- try to avoid overlap
      2. Come to an agreement on the three or four themes your group will discuss, and decide on how you will be articulating those themes. Each person gets one.
      3. Collaborate to decide on the best supporting evidence for these ideas.

      TOMORROW:

      You need to come to class with a clearly articulated theme to discuss and support with evidence from the play.  Consider two different ways to raise this theme:
      *As a statement: "Haemon's character demonstrates the belief that chocolate ice cream is the foundation of a democratic society and must be upheld despite the needs of lactose-intolerant citizens

      Friday, October 2, 2015

      Three-Column Notes for Themes Discussion and Articultation

      It can be difficult to identify, discuss, and write about thematic development in a piece of literature. 

      • Themes deal with abstract, complex ideas. 
      • Authors rarely provide direct commentary regarding these ideas, instead requiring the reader to discover, interpret, and draw conclusions about the text.
      • Even when a reader has an interesting insight about the text, it can be extremely difficult to articulate this idea and clearly explain how it was reached.
      • Because of the complexity of the ideas discussed and the inferences the reader has to make about implied meaning, conclusions about the meaning of the literature generally change as the reader progresses through the text and as they consider and discuss ideas with others


      One useful approach to organizing thoughts, identifying evidence, and communicating conclusions can be the use of a three-column note format. 

      • On the left, provide a passage from the text that you will focus on.
      • In the middle, comment on the context and significance of the passage, focusing on the meaning of specific words or phrases
      • On the right, comment on what this specific passage seems to be revealing about the issue at hand.

      Thursday, October 1, 2015

      Identifying Themes Raised in Antigone

      Theme: A central message communicated by an author in a piece of literature. A theme consists of two parts -- the topic or subject of discussion raised by the author and the author's point of view (or the message gleaned by the reader).

      In a typical tragedy, themes are often raised by the difficult decisions confronting characters and the choices they are forced to make. Antigone is an especially fine example of this. Themes in this play are communicated by:

      • The choices, values, justifications, and interactions of characters  
      • The commentary and interaction presented by the Chorus (especially in the Odes)
      • The symbolism and motifs used by the author to provide concrete representation of the abstract ideas being discussed
      • The dramatic, situational, and verbal irony

      Step 1: Organize your group of three
      Step 2: Select an issue for discussion
      Step 3: Identify themes raised by the literary device
      Step 4: Start finding specific text to develop, clarify, and provide insight into these conclusions